Neuroscience
Stamina SE
120 capsules
 
Contains precursors to messengers important for the cardiovascular system, exercise, energy production, antioxidant protection and catecholamine synthesis.
 
L-citrulline:
Precursor to nitric oxide, an important messenger of the cardiovascular system1-3
Supplementation with L-citrulline has been shown to increase plasma levels of nitric oxide while also improving nitric oxide-dependent signaling1,4
Nitric oxide plays a key role in maintaining vascular tone5, important for exercise6 and sexual performance7
L-tyrosine:
Precursor to catecholamines: dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine
Acetyl-L-carnitine:
Derivative of L-carnitine shown to increase plasma and brain levels of L-carnitine8,9
L-carnitine facilitates energy production in mitochondria10 and provides antioxidant protection through its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and metal ions11
N-acetyl-L-cysteine:
Precursor to L-cysteine that maintains glutathione levels in the body12
Glutathione provides antioxidant protection and detoxification properties12
Mucuna cochinchinensis (standardized to 99% L-DOPA):
Natural source of L-DOPA, a precursor to dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine13
 
 
1. Schwedhelm E, et al. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;65(1):51-9.
2. Forstermann U and Munzel T. Circulation. 2006;113(13):1708-14.
3. Lei J, et al. Nitric Oxide. 2013;35:175-85.
4. Morita M, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;454(1):53-7.
5. Oemar B, et al. Circulation. 1998;97(25):2494-8.
6. Bescos R, et al. Sports Med. 2012;42(2):99-117.
7. Barassi A, et al. Andrology. 2017;5(2):256-61.
8. Parnetti L, et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1992;42(1):89-93.
9. Rebouche C. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1033:30-41.
10. Pekala J, et al. Curr Drug Metab. 2011;12(7):667-78.
11. Gulcin I. Life Sci. 2006;78(8):803-11.
12. Rushworth G and Megson I. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;141(2):150-9.
13. Tuleun C, et al. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2008;20(10).